{"id":1013,"date":"2022-11-08T11:37:58","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T03:37:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.frost-s.com\/?p=1013"},"modified":"2022-11-10T13:46:30","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T05:46:30","slug":"linux-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8c%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.frost-s.com\/index.php\/2022\/11\/08\/linux-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8c%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u5168\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u5168\u9762\uff09<\/a><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

2022-08-15 23:54:00<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Linux\u548cwindows\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7ba1\u63a7\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002windows\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5728\u684c\u9762\u7aefPC\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800cLinux\u547d\u4ee4\u884c<\/a>\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8fd0\u7ef4\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u77ed\u5c0f\u3001\u7cbe\u608d\u3002\u77ed\u77ed\u4e00\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u5728windows\u9700\u8981\u5404\u79cd\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u6574\u5408\u7684\u590d\u6742\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

w \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5728\u7ebf\u7528\u6237\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

my_adm pts\/0 111.111.111.111 \u4e0915 24:58 2:51 0.02s sshd: my_admin [priv]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

root pts\/3 111.111.111.112 13:15 3:47m 0.35s 0.35s -bash<\/p>\n\n\n\n

my_adm pts\/5 111.111.111.113 15:14 2.00s 0.54s 0.02s sshd: my_admin [priv]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pkill -kill -t pts\/?? \u6740\u6389\u6307\u5b9a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684pts\/5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u9001\u95e8\uff1aLinux\u4e2dKill\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684N\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

arch \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784(1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

uname -m \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784(2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

uname -r \u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

dmidecode -q \u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u4ef6 - (SMBIOS \/ DMI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hdparm -i \/dev\/hda \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hdparm -tT \/dev\/sda \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cat \/proc\/cpuinfo \u663e\u793aCPU info\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cat \/proc\/interrupts \u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cat \/proc\/meminfo \u6821\u9a8c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cat \/proc\/swaps \u663e\u793a\u54ea\u4e9bswap\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cat \/proc\/version \u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u7684\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cat \/proc\/net\/dev \u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u53ca\u7edf\u8ba1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cat \/proc\/mounts \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

lspci -tv \u7f57\u5217 PCI \u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n\n

lsusb -tv \u663e\u793a USB \u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n\n

date \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u671f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ctime=date +%Y-%m-%dT%k:%M:%S<\/code> #\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u59822018-01-13T11:09:19\uff0c \u6ce8\u610f%k \u4e0e %H\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8fd4\u56de9\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8fd4\u56de09.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YESTERDAY=date +%Y-%m-%d -d \"-1 days\"<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u6628\u65e5\u65e5\u671f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cal 2007 \u663e\u793a2007\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n

date 041217002007.00 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4 - \u6708\u65e5\u65f6\u5206\u5e74.\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

clock -w \u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u4fee\u6539\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 BIOS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u67e5\u8be2\u7f51\u5173\u5730\u5740(\u5982\u5c06centos\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u83b7\u53d6\u7c7b\u578b\u7531dhcp\u5207\u6362\u4e3astatic\u65f6,\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5230ip\u53ca\u7f51\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u56fa\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\u4f1a\u7528\u5230,\u5982\u672c\u5730ip\u4e3a10.34.0.123,\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u7f51\u5173\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a3.254):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[root@file-server ~]# netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
0.0.0.0         10.34.3.254     0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 enp3g0
10.34.0.0       0.0.0.0         255.255.252.0   U         0 0          0 enp3g0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 virbr0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
CentOS \/ RedHat<\/a> \u7cfb\u5217,\u67e5\u770b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f(\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709lsb_release\u547d\u4ee4, \u4f7f\u7528\"yum install redhat-lsb\"\u5b89\u88c5):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@server-test online]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version:  :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:  CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 
Release:  7.5.1804
Codename: Core<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5173\u673a (\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u4ee5\u53ca\u767b\u51fa )<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
shutdown -h now \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
init 0 \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
telinit 0 \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown -h hours:minutes & \u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown -c \u53d6\u6d88\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown -r now \u91cd\u542f(1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
reboot \u91cd\u542f(2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
logout \u6ce8\u9500<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56db\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
cd \/home \u8fdb\u5165 '\/ home' \u76ee\u5f55'<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd .. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd ..\/.. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e24\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd \u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd ~user1 \u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd - \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pwd \u663e\u793a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -F \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -l \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8d44\u6599<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -a \u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls [0-9]<\/em> \u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tree \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784(1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lstree \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784(2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a 'dir1' \u7684\u76ee\u5f55'<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir -p \/tmp\/dir1\/dir2 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -f file1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a 'file1' \u7684\u6587\u4ef6'<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rmdir dir1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a 'dir1' \u7684\u76ee\u5f55'<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -rf dir1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a 'dir1' \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5176\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -rf dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mv dir1 new_dir \u91cd\u547d\u540d\/\u79fb\u52a8 \u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp file1 file2 \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp dir\/* . \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp -a \/tmp\/dir1 . \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp -a dir1 dir2 \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ln -s file1 lnk1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ln file1 lnk1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
touch -t 0712250000 file1 \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 - (YYMMDDhhmm)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
file file1 outputs the mime type of the file as text<\/p>\n\n\n\n
iconv -l \u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n
iconv -f fromEncoding -t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile creates a new from the given input file by assuming it is encoded in fromEncoding and converting it to toEncoding.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
find . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert \"{}\" -resize 80x60 \"thumbs\/{}\" \\; batch resize files in the current directory and send them to a thumbnails directory (requires convert from Imagemagick)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -name file1 \u4ece '\/' \u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -user user1 \u641c\u7d22\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237 'user1' \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/home\/user1 -name *.bin \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 '\/ home\/user1' \u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5e26\u6709'.bin' \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/usr\/bin -type f -atime +100 \u641c\u7d22\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb100\u5929\u5185\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/usr\/bin -type f -mtime -10 \u641c\u7d22\u572810\u5929\u5185\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}' \\; \u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 '.rpm' \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u6743\u9650 ^ find \/tmp -name *.hprof -exec rm -f {} \\;\u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664java\u5806\u6808.hprof\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -xdev -name *.rpm \u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 '.rpm' \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u5149\u9a71\u3001\u6377\u76d8\u7b49\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n\n
locate *.ps \u5bfb\u627e\u4ee5 '.ps' \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 - \u5148\u8fd0\u884c 'updatedb' \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
whereis halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6e90\u7801\u6216man\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
which halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep -rn \"query_string\" * Linux\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5168\u5c40\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08-r\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\uff1b-n\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u516d\u3001\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/hda2 \/mnt\/hda2\u6302\u8f7d<\/a>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 - \u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55 '\/ mnt\/hda2' \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n\n\n\n
umount \/dev\/hda2 \u5378\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 - \u5148\u4ece\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 '\/ mnt\/hda2' \u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fuser -km \/mnt\/hda2 \u5f53\u8bbe\u5907\u7e41\u5fd9\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u5378\u8f7d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
umount -n \/mnt\/hda2 \u8fd0\u884c\u5378\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4e0d\u5199\u5165 \/etc\/mtab \u6587\u4ef6- \u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6216\u5f53\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u6ee1\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/fd0 \/mnt\/floppy \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/cdrom \/mnt\/cdrom \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrom\u6216dvdrom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/hdc \/mnt\/cdrecorder \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/hdb \/mnt\/cdrecorder \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount -o loop file.iso \/mnt\/cdrom \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216ISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount -t vfat \/dev\/hda5 \/mnt\/hda5 \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aWindows FAT32\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/usbdisk \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2ausb \u6377\u76d8\u6216\u95ea\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass \/\/WinClient\/share \/mnt\/share \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2awindows\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u4eab<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e03\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
df -h \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u533a\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -lSr |more \u4ee5\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
du -sh dir1 \u4f30\u7b97\u76ee\u5f55 'dir1' \u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4'<\/p>\n\n\n\n
du -sk * | sort -rn \u4ee5\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' | sort -k1,1n \u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4 (fedora, redhat\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' | sort -k1,1n \u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684deb\u5305\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4 (ubuntu, debian\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hdfs dfs -du \/dw\/default | sort -rn | head -n 10 | awk '{printf(\"%.2f\\t\\t%.2f\\t\\t%s\\t\\n\",$1\/1024\/1024\/1024,\"\\t\"$2\/1024\/1024\/1024,\"\\t\"$3)}' \u67e5\u8be2hdfs\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8868\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6309\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217(\u53d6\u524d10\u5217)\uff0c\u5355\u4f4dGB<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u516b\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d -- top<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
top -d 20 -p 1303 \u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f71303\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u6bcf\u969420\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6309\u4f4fc\u952e\uff0c\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u73af\u5883\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8ejava\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u8bd5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u53cb\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
top -d 20 -n 3 -b > test.txt \u6bcf\u969420\u79d2\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u6267\u884c3\u6b21\uff0c \u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5165\u5230test.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
top\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5168\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0-w\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\uff1a
top -b -n 1
-b\u4e3a \u6279\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c-n\u4e3a\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570
\u53d1\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5168\uff0c\u6700\u540eman top\uff0c\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570w\u540e\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u663e\u793a
 
top -b -n 1 -w 512
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684COMMAND\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528top -c\u53c2\u6570
 
top -c -bw 500
\u67e5\u770b\u5b8c\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\uff0c \u6309500\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u957f\u5ea6\u67e5\u770b\uff08\u8fd9\u6837\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. COMMAND-LINE Options
       The command-line syntax for top consists of:
 
         -hv|-bcHiOSs -d secs -n max -u|U user -p pid -o fld -w [cols]
 
       The typically mandatory switch ('-') and even whitespace are completely optional.
 
       -h | -v  :Help\/Version
            Show library version and the usage prompt, then quit.
 
       -b  :Batch-mode operation
            Starts top in Batch mode, which could be useful for sending output from top to other programs or to a file.  In this mode, top will not accept input and runs until the iterations limit you've set with the `-n' command-line option or until killed.
 
       -c  :Command-line\/Program-name toggle
            Starts top with the last remembered `c' state reversed.  Thus, if top was displaying command lines, now that field will show program names, and visa versa.  See the `c' interactive command for additional information.
 
       -d  :Delay-time interval as:  -d ss.t (secs.tenths)
            Specifies the delay between screen updates, and overrides the corresponding value in one's personal configuration file or the startup default.  Later this can be changed with the `d' or `s' interactive commands.
            Fractional  seconds  are honored, but a negative number is not allowed.  In all cases, however, such changes are prohibited if top is running in Secure mode, except for root (unless the `s' command-line option was used).  For additional information on
            Secure mode see topic 6a. SYSTEM Configuration File.
 
       -H  :Threads-mode operation
            Instructs top to display individual threads.  Without this command-line option a summation of all threads in each process is shown.  Later this can be changed with the `H' interactive command.
       -i  :Idle-process toggle
            Starts top with the last remembered `i' state reversed.  When this toggle is Off, tasks that have not used any CPU since the last update will not be displayed.  For additional information regarding this toggle see topic 4c. TASK AREA Commands, SIZE.
 
       -n  :Number-of-iterations limit as:  -n number
            Specifies the maximum number of iterations, or frames, top should produce before ending.
 
       -o  :Override-sort-field as:  -o fieldname
            Specifies the name of the field on which tasks will be sorted, independent of what is reflected in the configuration file.  You can prepend a `+' or `-' to the field name to also override the sort direction.  A leading `+' will force sorting  high  to
            low, whereas a `-' will ensure a low to high ordering.
 
            This option exists primarily to support automated\/scripted batch mode operation.
 
       -O  :Output-field-names
            This option acts as a form of help for the above -o option.  It will cause top to print each of the available field names on a separate line, then quit.  Such names are subject to nls translation.
 
       -p  :Monitor-PIDs mode as:  -pN1 -pN2 ...  or  -pN1,N2,N3 ...
            Monitor only processes with specified process IDs.  This option can be given up to 20 times, or you can provide a comma delimited list with up to 20 pids.  Co-mingling both approaches is permitted.
 
            A pid value of zero will be treated as the process id of the top program itself once it is running.
 
            This is a command-line option only and should you wish to return to normal operation, it is not necessary to quit and restart top  --  just issue any of these interactive commands: `=', `u' or `U'.
            The `p', `u' and `U' command-line options are mutually exclusive.
 
       -s  :Secure-mode operation
            Starts top with secure mode forced, even for root.  This mode is far better controlled through the system configuration file (see topic 6. FILES).
 
       -S  :Cumulative-time toggle
            Starts  top  with  the  last  remembered `S' state reversed.  When Cumulative time mode is On, each process is listed with the cpu time that it and its dead children have used.  See the `S' interactive command for additional information regarding this
            mode.
 
       -u | -U  :User-filter-mode as:  -u | -U number or name
            Display only processes with a user id or user name matching that given.  The `-u' option matches on  effective user whereas the `-U' option matches on any user (real, effective, saved, or filesystem).
 
            Prepending an exclamation point ('!') to the user id or name instructs top to display only processes with users not matching the one provided.
 
            The `p', `u' and `U' command-line options are mutually exclusive.
       -w  :Output-width-override as:  -w [ number ]
            In Batch mode, when used without an argument top will format output using the COLUMNS= and LINES= environment variables, if set.  Otherwise, width will be fixed at the maximum 512 columns.  With an argument, output width can be decreased or  increased
            (up to 512) but the number of rows is considered unlimited.
            In normal display mode, when used without an argument top will attempt to format output using the COLUMNS= and LINES= environment variables, if set.  With an argument, output width can only be decreased, not increased.  Whether using environment vari\u2010
            ables or an argument with -w, when not in Batch mode actual terminal dimensions can never be exceeded.
            Note: Without the use of this command-line option, output width is always based on the terminal at which top was invoked whether or not in Batch mode.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
groupadd group_name \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
groupdel group_name \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
useradd -c \"Name Surname \" -g admin -d \/home\/user1 -s \/bin\/bash user1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e \"admin\" \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n\n\n\n
useradd user1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n\n\n\n
userdel -r user1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237 ( '-r' \u6392\u9664\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
usermod -c \"User FTP\" -g system -d \/ftp\/user1 -s \/bin\/nologin user1 \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
passwd \u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
passwd user1 \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4 (\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8root\u6267\u884c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chage -E 2005-12-31 user1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u5931\u6548\u671f\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pwck \u68c0\u67e5 '\/etc\/passwd' \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grpck \u68c0\u67e5 '\/etc\/passwd' \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
newgrp group_name \u767b\u9646\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b 1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#### 1-\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u30012-\u8ffd\u52a0\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u30013-\u5220\u9664\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4
# 1
useradd san_zhang -m
passwd san_zhang san_zhang@163.com
 
# \u4ece\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801(\u5982\u679c\u975eroot\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u4e3aroot\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528sudo)
echo san_zhang@163.com | sudo passwd --stdin san_zhang
 
 
#-----------------------------------------------------
# 2
usermod -aG hdfs san_zhang (\u5c06san_zhang\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4hdfs\u4e2d(\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u5982\"hdfs,yarn,spark\")\uff0c\u5176\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728san_zhang\u4e2d)
\u6b64\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e3asan_zhang\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4e3ahdfs\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
id san_zhang
uid=1001(san_zhang) gid=1001(san_zhang) groups=1001(san_zhang),992(hdfs)
 
\u5f15\u7533\uff1a
\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u9519\uff0c\u8bef\u5c06hdfs\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230san_zhang\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
usermod -aG san_zhang hdfs
\u5219\u6b64\u65f6\u67e5\u770bhdfs\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e5f\u5728san_zhang\u7ec4\u4e0b\u4e86
id hdfs
uid=995(hdfs) gid=992(hdfs) groups=992(hdfs),994(hadoop),1001(san_zhang)
 
\u8fd9\u65f6\u518d\u67e5\u770bsan_zhang\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u8bef\u52a0\u5165\u7684hdfs\u7528\u6237\u4e86
groups san_zhang
san_zhang : san_zhang hdfs
#-----------------------------------------------------
# 3
gpasswd -d hdfs san_zhang (\u4ecesan_zhang\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8bef\u52a0\u5165\u7684hdfs\u7528\u6237)
\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1aRemoving user hdfs from group san_zhang
#-----------------------------------------------------<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b 2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7edf\u8ba1\u67d0\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u4e0b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@cdh01 ~]# grep hdfs \/etc\/group
hdfs:x:993:
 
[root@cdh01 ~]# awk -F : '{print $1,$4}' \/etc\/passwd | grep '993'
hdfs 993<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5341\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650 - \u4f7f\u7528 \"+\" \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \"-\" \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
ls -lh \u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls \/tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS \u5c06\u7ec8\u7aef\u5212\u5206\u62105\u680f\u663e\u793a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod ugo+rwx directory1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba(u)\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u4ee5\u8bfb\uff08r \uff09\u3001\u5199(w)\u548c\u6267\u884c(x)\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod go-rwx directory1 \u5220\u9664\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chown user1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chown -R user1 directory1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chgrp group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chown user1:group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -perm -u+s \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86SUID\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod u+s \/bin\/file1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID \u4f4d - \u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod u-s \/bin\/file1 \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod g+s \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684SGID \u4f4d - \u7c7b\u4f3cSUID \uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod g-s \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 SGID \u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod o+t \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d - \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u6cd5\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod o-t \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027 - \u4f7f\u7528 \"+\" \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \"-\" \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
chattr +a file1 \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +c file1 \u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u88ab\u5185\u6838\u81ea\u52a8\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +d file1 \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0cdump\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +i file1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u8005\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +s file1 \u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +S file1 \u4e00\u65e6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5230\u78c1\u76d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +u file1 \u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lsattr \u663e\u793a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u6253\u5305\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
bunzip2 file1.bz2 \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a 'file1.bz2'\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bzip2 file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a 'file1' \u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gunzip file1.gz \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a 'file1.gz'\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gzip file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a 'file1'\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gzip -9 file1 \u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rar a file1.rar test_file \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a 'file1.rar' \u7684\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 \u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29 'file1', 'file2' \u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55 'dir1'<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unrar x file1.rar \u89e3\u538brar\u5305 #\u5982\u679c\u65e0unrar\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\uff1aLinux CentOS 7.0 \u4e0b rar unrar\u7684\u5b89\u88c5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u538b\u7f29\u7684 tarball<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86 'file1', 'file2' \u4ee5\u53ca 'dir1'\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -tf archive.tar \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -xvf archive.tar \u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -xvf archive.tar -C \/tmp \u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u91ca\u653e\u5230 \/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -jxvf archive.tar.bz2 \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
zip file1.zip file1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 \u5c06\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unzip file1.zip \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5341\u4e09\u3001OS\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u2460\u3001RPM \u5305 - \uff08Fedora, Redhat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
rpm -ivh package.rpm \u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -ivh --nodeps package.rpm \u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u8b66\u544a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -U package.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u4f46\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -F package.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -e [--nodeps] package_name.rpm \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305[--nodeps\u8868\u793a\u5ffd\u7565\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qa \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qa | grep httpd \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \"httpd\" \u5b57\u6837\u7684rpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qi package_name \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qg \"System Environment\/Daemons\" \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684rpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -ql package_name \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qc package_name \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q package_name --whatrequires \u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q package_name --whatprovides \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4f53\u79ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q package_name --scripts \u663e\u793a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\/\u5220\u9664\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672cl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q package_name --changelog \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5386\u53f2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qf \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf \u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qp package.rpm -l \u663e\u793a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm --import \/media\/cdrom\/RPM-GPG-KEY \u5bfc\u5165\u516c\u94a5\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm --checksig package.rpm \u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qa gpg-pubkey \u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709rpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -V package_name \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001 \u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3001MD5\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -Va \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305- \u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -Vp package.rpm \u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u8fd8\u672a\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories bin<\/em> \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -ivh \/usr\/src\/redhat\/RPMS\/arch<\/code>\/package.rpm \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u7684\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src.rpm \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a rpm \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2461\u3001YUM \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5347\u7ea7\u5668 - \uff08Fedora, RedHat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
yum<\/a> install package_name \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305 (\u5982: yum -y install zip unzip)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum localinstall package_name.rpm \u5c06\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum update package_name.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum update package_name \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum remove package_name \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum list | grep tmux \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u5b89\u88dd\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e05\u5355\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum search package_name \u5728rpm\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u641c\u5bfb\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum clean packages \u6e05\u7406rpm\u7f13\u5b58\u5220\u9664\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum clean headers \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum clean all \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5305\u548c\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2462\u3001DEB \u5305 (Debian, Ubuntu \u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -i package.deb \u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -r package_name \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -l \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684 deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -l | grep httpd \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \"httpd\" \u5b57\u6837\u7684deb\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -s package_name \u83b7\u5f97\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -L package_name \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg --contents package.deb \u663e\u793a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -S \/bin\/ping \u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2adeb\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2463\u3001APT \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177 (Debian, Ubuntu \u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
apt-get install package_name \u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-cdrom install package_name \u4ece\u5149\u76d8\u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get update \u5347\u7ea7\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get upgrade \u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get remove package_name \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get check \u786e\u8ba4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u6b63\u786e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get clean \u4ece\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e2d\u6e05\u7406\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-cache search searched-package \u8fd4\u56de\u5305\u542b\u6240\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5341\u56db\u3001\u6587\u672c\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u5904\u7406<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u2460\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
cat file1 \u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tac file1 \u4ece\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
more file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
less file1 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e 'more' \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u548c\u6b63\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
head -2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tail -2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tail -f \/var\/log\/messages \u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u2461\u3001\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
cat file1 file2 ... | command <> file1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txt general syntax for text manipulation using PIPE, STDIN and STDOUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) > result.txt \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b80\u4ecb\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) >> result.txt \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b80\u4ecb\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 '\/var\/log\/messages'\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\"Aug\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep ^Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 '\/var\/log\/messages'\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4ee5\"Aug\"\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep [0-9] \/var\/log\/messages \u9009\u62e9 '\/var\/log\/messages' \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep Aug -R \/var\/log\/* \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 '\/var\/log' \u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\"Aug\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep -E 'string_1|string_2' \/var\/log\/test.log \u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u5305\u542b string_1\u6216\u5305\u542bstring_2\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u5339\u914dredis\u4e2d, field \u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ee51\u52304\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u5f00\u5934,\u4ee5\"_\u5df2\u4e0b\u5355\"\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26, \u5e76\u5c06\u5176 value \u503c\u5e26\u51fa\u6765(-A1)
redis-cli -h 111.111.111.111 -p 7001 -c -a ${PASSWORD} --raw hgetall 2022-03-24_ORDER_STAT | grep -E \"^[[:digit:]]{1,4}_\u5df2\u4e0b\u5355\" -A1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
grep -Hnr docker * \u5728\u672c\u5c42\u6216\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u201cdocker\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d+\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u52a0o\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\uff08H\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\uff1bn\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6240\u5728\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff1br\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u627e\uff1bo\uff1a\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u5230\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cgrep\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u4e13\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep -A2 2 test.txt  \u8fd4\u56de\u5339\u914d\u884c\u548c\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u540e\u4e24\u884c
 
grep -B2 2 test.txt  \u8fd4\u56de\u5339\u914d\u884c\u548c\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u884c
 
grep -C2 2 text.txt \u6216\u8005 grep -A2 -B2 2 test.txt \u8fd4\u56de\u5339\u914d\u884c\u548c\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u884c
 
-A -B -C \u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6570\u5b57
-A \u8fd4\u56de\u5339\u914d\u540e\u548c\u5b83\u540e\u9762\u7684n\u884c,(After\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e)\u3002
-B \u8fd4\u56de\u5339\u914d\u884c\u548c\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684n\u884c,(Before\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d)\u3002
-C \u8fd4\u56de\u5339\u914d\u884c\u548c\u5b83\u524d\u540e\u5404n\u884c\uff0c\u901a-A\u548c-B\u8054\u7528,(Context\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5373\u524d\u540e)\u3002<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sed -i 's\/string1\/string2\/g' example.txt \u5c06example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 \"string1\" \u66ff\u6362\u6210 \"string2\"(\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0-i\u53c2\u6570,\u5219\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u66ff\u6362; \u6dfb\u52a0-i\u53c2\u6570,\u5219\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed '\/^$\/d' example.txt \u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed '\/ *#\/d; \/^$\/d' example.txt \u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo 'hElloWorld' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' \u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u5e76\u5168\u90e8\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -e '1d' result.txt \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6example.txt \u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -n '\/string1\/p' \u67e5\u770b\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u8bcd\u6c47 \"string1\"\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -e 's\/ *$\/\/' example.txt \u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -e 's\/string1\/\/g' example.txt \u4ece\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u8bcd\u6c47 \"string1\" \u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u5269\u4f59\u5168\u90e8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -n '1,5p;5q' example.txt \u67e5\u770b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5230\u7b2c5\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -n '5p;5q' example.txt \u67e5\u770b\u7b2c5\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -e 's\/00*\/0\/g' example.txt \u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u96f6\u66ff\u6362\u591a\u4e2a\u96f6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -i '3i helloword' test.txt \u5728test.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u2018helloword\u2019\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201csed\u6309\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5220\u9664\u201d\u4e13\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u7528sed\u5220\u9664\u5339\u914d\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1ased-i'\/\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7b26\/d'\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3e\u4f8b1\uff1a\u5339\u914d\"\\etc\\install.sh\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n
set -i '\/\\\/etc\\\/install.sh\/d' 1.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/ \u641c\u7d22<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5339\u914d\\\/etc\\\/install.sh\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\/etc\/install.sh\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-i \u8868\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u751f\u6548.\u5426\u5219\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6570\u636e,\u5e76\u4e0d\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u5206\u53f7\u5185\u7684\/d\u8868\u793a\u5220\u9664\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3e\u4f8b2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u4ee5a\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -i '\/^a.*\/d' tmp.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
^a\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u5934\u662fa, .*\u8868\u793a\u540e\u8ddf\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Example-1: \u4f7f\u7528sed\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u6279\u91cf\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash
 
ddl_file_path=\/c\/Users\/user\/Downloads\/sqoop_data\/hive_2_mysql
 
 
ls $ddl_file_path | while read f;
do
echo \"--------->\"$ddl_file_path\/$f
 
## Template
#sed -i 's\/\/\/g' $ddl_file_path\/$f
#sed -i \"s\/\/\/g\" $ddl_file_path\/$f
 
sed -i 's\/111.111.111.111:3306\/222.222.222.222:3307\/g' $ddl_file_path\/$f
sed -i \"s\/'password_1'\/'password_2'\/g\" $ddl_file_path\/$f
 
done
 
# echo -e \"=========>\\n\\t Files contains keyword \"\/WARN:\" in path $ddl_file_path are deleted!!!\"
#!\/bin\/bash
 
set -x
 
## Template
#sed -i 's\/\/\/g' $ddl_file_path\/$f
#sed -i \"s\/\/\/g\" $ddl_file_path\/$f
 
## Func 1 - \u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u884c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e94\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u672c
 
ddl_file_path=\/e\/\u8fc5\u96f7\u4e0b\u8f7d\/user_data_after
 
ls $ddl_file_path | while read f;
do    
    # \u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u624d\u5141\u8bb8\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c
    if [ ! -d $f ];then
        echo \"--------->\"$ddl_file_path\/$f
 
        sed -i '4i retries=10' $ddl_file_path\/$f
        sed -i '5i retry.backoff=3' $ddl_file_path\/$f
    fi
done
 
 
## Func 2 - \u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u521b\u5efa\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728
 
if [ ! -d \"beijing\" ];then
    mkdir beijing
else
    echo \"File already exists\"
fi<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5224\u522b\u5927\u5168\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shell\u811a\u672c\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b
 
shell\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6,\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u8005\u5177\u6709\u6743\u9650 
#!\/bin\/sh 
 
myPath=\"\/var\/log\/httpd\/\" 
myFile=\"\/var\/log\/httpd\/access.log\" 
 
# \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684-x \u53c2\u6570\u5224\u65ad$myPath\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650 
if [ ! -x \"$myPath\"]; then 
mkdir \"$myPath\" 
 fi 
 
 # \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684-d \u53c2\u6570\u5224\u65ad$myPath\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728 
 if [ ! -d \"$myPath\"]; then 
 mkdir \"$myPath\" 
 fi 
 
 # \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684-f\u53c2\u6570\u5224\u65ad$myFile\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728 
 if [ ! -f \"$myFile\" ]; then 
 touch \"$myFile\" 
 fi 
 
 # \u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u8fd8\u6709-n,-n\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5426\u6709\u503c 
 if [ ! -n \"$myVar\" ]; then 
 echo \"$myVar is empty\" 
 exit 0 
 fi 
 
 # \u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49 
 if [ \"$var1\" = \"$var2\" ]; then 
 echo '$var1 eq $var2' 
 else 
 echo '$var1 not eq $var2' 
 fi 
 
\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5224\u522b\u903b\u8f91\u5927\u5168\uff1a
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-a file exists. 
-b file exists and is a block special file. 
-c file exists and is a character special file. 
-d file exists and is a directory. 
-e file exists (just the same as -a). 
-f file exists and is a regular file. 
-g file exists and has its setgid(2) bit set. 
-G file exists and has the same group ID as this process. 
-k file exists and has its sticky bit set. 
-L file exists and is a symbolic link. 
-n string length is not zero. 
-o Named option is set on. 
-O file exists and is owned by the user ID of this process. 
-p file exists and is a first in, first out (FIFO) special file or 
named pipe. 
-r file exists and is readable by the current process. 
-s file exists and has a size greater than zero. 
-S file exists and is a socket. 
-t file descriptor number fildes is open and associated with a 
terminal device. 
-u file exists and has its setuid(2) bit set. 
-w file exists and is writable by the current process. 
-x file exists and is executable by the current process. 
-z string length is zero. 
 
\u6ce8\u610f-s \u548c -f \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
cat -n file1 \u6807\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat example.txt | awk 'NR%2==1' \u5220\u9664example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5076\u6570\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo a b c | awk '{print $1}' \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u680f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo a b c | awk '{print $1,$3}' \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u680f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
paste file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
paste -d '+' file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7528\"+\"\u533a\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort file1 file2 \u6392\u5e8f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort file1 file2 | uniq \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e76\u96c6(\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort file1 file2 | uniq -u \u5220\u9664\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort file1 file2 | uniq -d \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6(\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comm -1 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 'file1' \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comm -2 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 'file2' \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comm -3 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7efc\u5408\u6848\u4f8b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2460\uff1a\u672c\u673atcp\u5404\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
netstat -n | awk '\/^tcp\/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}'
CLOSE_WAIT 2
ESTABLISHED 276
SYN_SENT 2
TIME_WAIT 63270
 
 
awk 'BEGIN {
   sum = 0; for (i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
      sum += i; if (sum > 50) exit(10); else print \"Sum =\", sum 
   } 
}'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2461\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528cut\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6309\u201c:\u201d\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u7b2c1,3,4,5\u5217\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6309\u539f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\":\"\u8fdb\u884c\u62fc\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[hdfs@cdh01 test]$ head -n 5 \/etc\/passwd | cut -d : -f 1,3-5
root:0:0:root
bin:1:1:bin
daemon:2:2:daemon
adm:3:4:adm
xixi:4:7:xixi<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2462\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528uniq\u8fdb\u884c\u6ee4\u91cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cut\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
A).\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u884c sort target_file | uniq<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B).\u67e5\u627e\u975e\u91cd\u590d\u884c sort target_file | uniq -u<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C).\u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u884c sort target_file | uniq -d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D).\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570 sort target_file | uniq -c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u2463\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort linux\u4e0b\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n